![]() Median (IQR) plasma LA was 50 (47–54)% of total FAs in CE ( Table 1). Supplemental intake of low doses of n-3 FAs during the Alpha Omega Trial [ P values for trend were calculated across the four categories of plasma LA. Model 2 additionally included BMI, smoking status (3 categories), alcohol intake (4 categories), hypertension (2 categories), hours of fasting before blood collection, statin use (2 categories), and all remaining plasma FAs under study (either LA, EPA + DHA, C15:0, C17:0, C14:0, depending on the exposure). Model 1 included age, sex, and total serum cholesterol. ![]() Regression coefficients are presented as unstandardized betas with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). ![]() For plasma EPA + DHA, C15:0, C17:0, and C14:0, the median of the distributions was used (below median as “low”, above median as “high”). Therefore, Q2-Q4 were combined (“high”) and compared to Q1 (“low”). A threshold effect with an adverse association for Q1 (low plasma LA) vs Q2, Q3, and Q4 was observed. Plasma LA was divided into quartiles (Q1-Q4). Multivariable linear regression was used to study the associations between each of the plasma FAs in CE as categorical variable and per SD increase, and annual eGFR change. Weaker, non-significant associations with kidney function decline were observed for the other plasma FAs. ![]() Associations of plasma LA with annual eGFR decline were stronger in 437 patients with diabetes (1.21, 0.24 2.19) and in 402 patients with CKD (eGFR<60 0.90, −0.09 1.89). The annual decline in eGFR was less in patients with higher plasma LA (adjusted beta: 0.40 for LA >47 vs ≤ 47%, 95% CI: 0.01 0.78 p = 0.046). Beta coefficients for annual eGFR change in relation to plasma linoleic acid (LA 50.1% of total FAs in CE), omega-3 FAs (EPA + DHA 1.7%), odd-chain FAs (C15:0 and C17:0 0.2%), and C14:0 (0.7%) were obtained from linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and alcohol intake. Plasma FAs (% total FAs) in cholesteryl esters were assessed at baseline (2002–2006), and ∼40 months change in creatinine-cystatin C based glomerular filtration rate was estimated (eGFR, in ml/min per 1.73 m 2). The analysis included 2329 Dutch post–MI patients aged 60-80y (Alpha Omega Cohort) most receiving state-of-the-art medications. ![]()
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